Kedu ihe na-eme ka oghom ebe obibi na akụrụngwa ndị na-ejikọta akpụkpọ ala?

Ihe Ndị Dum, Nke Oghom Akụrụngwa Ndị Na-Ejikọta Akpụkpọ Ala

Gbasaa Oghom Akụrụngwa Ndị Na-Ejikọta Akpụkpọ Ala: Akpụkpọ Alụsị vs. Nkwụsi

Oghom akụrụngwa ndị na-ejikọta akpụkpọ ala na-ekukwa otu akụkụ dị mma akụrụngwa ekpuchi ya na akpụkpọ alụsị mbipụta. Mgbe ọ dị mma, akụrụngwa ndị na-ejikọta akpụkpọ ala dị mma karịrị na-adabere na 95–99% oghom n'ihi nkwụsi akụkụ dị n'ime. Ihe a dabere na atọ ihe kachasị mkpa:

• Nkwụsi Hysteresis : Ọcha na-eme n'ime ihe ndị na-akpụta ọcha dị ka steel silicon mgbe e mesịrị ya na-alaghachi magnetization
• Nkwụsi Eddy Current : Njikọta oghere ndị a na-emetụta n'ime lamina ikpo ọkụ
• Mmiri Copper : Ikpokwute (I²R) nke na-adị ọkụ n'ime windings mgbe ọkụ na-agagharị

Iji nweta ike dị ka 99% ọ bụla, onye ọrụ kwesịrị ime ntụpọtụpọ nke ọma nke njikọta a, dị ka e kọwara na azụmahịa ndị n'ala ahụ.

Mmiri Copper na Iron: Ndị Ndebere, Imeputa, na Mmetụta ya na Ikwesị Ike

Transformers enwetaghị abụọ isi ihe mmiri dị iche iche nke na-enwekarị obere ngwa ngwa:

Igwu copper bụ isi ike mgbe nguzobe zuru oke, ebe igwu iron pụtara 20–30% nke igwu niile mgbe nguzobe dị n'ime. Agwa amorphous modern reduce igwu iron site 60–70% dibu na silicon steel ndị a ma ama, na-enyere aka maka mma ume niile.

Igbe Nguzobe na Mmiri Ndị Na-emepe Emepe Nke Na-achọpụta Mma

Achọpụtara mma zuru oke n'etiti 50–70% nguzobe, ebe igwu copper na igwu iron dị ka otu. Iji ike n'obi ike na-abawanye ihe ndị soro nke na-ewepụ mma:

• Nguzobe cyclical nyere ohere nke ọdịnaya thermal
• Mgbagwo ọla ike eletrik mgbakọ na mwepụ hysteresis site na 5–8% maka 1% overvoltage
• Ikwunti dị n'ime harmonic amalite eddy current losses

Nkwugide akụrụngwa dị ezigbo aka enyere aka imepụta load factors dị otu ma wepụ ịdị irè efuwefuwe site na azịza dị iche iche.

Ngwugwu Core na Nkata: Mbelata na Efuru ma ọ bụrụka Dị Otú Esi Si

Silicon Steel vs. Ngwugwu Amorphous Metal: Efuru, Hysteresis, ma ọ bụrụka Eddy Current Losses

Onyenwe nke akụrụngwa dị na ntinye aka n'ọkwa ọdịnaya sịstemu. Silicon steel zuru oke na-ewepụta ike otú ụfọdụ iri na otu ruo abụọ maka ihe dị ka hysteresis na eddy currents ndị na-achọpụta. Mgbe ọ bụ ebe amorphous metal alloys enyere akụkọ dị iche. Akụrụngwa a dị na mpaghara atom dị ichichie nke na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ a site na otú ụfọdụ ise na asaa ruo isii na narị. Otú ụfọdụ mbụrụ ibe ya na-enwe ọkwa ọdịnaya dị ukwuu dị ka narị na iri na itoolu na atọ mgbe ha na-agba amụma. Mana e nwere njehie. Akụrụngwa dị iche a dị mgbụrụ na-enweghị ike ma na-enwe akụkụ kacha elu, nke pụtara na onye ọrụ ihe ọjọ nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ ha n'ụzọ zuru oke n'ime ọrụ.

Mmekọrịta Nchịkọta na Mbelata: Mbelata n'Usoro Iji Mmepe na Oge

Ndị na-agba akwụkwọ Copper bụ isi iyi maka ọnụọgụ gburugburu n'ihi na ha nwere mkpụrụ ala 40 percent dị ala karịa akwụkwọ Aluminum. Ndị na-agba akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, dị ka ndị na-agbakọta aka n'akụkụ, na-arịọtụ anya ịdị irè ma weghachite obere obodo ọcha. Akụkọ akụziri ya na mgbe ndị na-agba akwụkwọ dabara 12% n'obi ngosi, oyi oyi dịnụ agha 14 degrees Celsius. Njedebe oyi a na-ekwu na insulation ga-achọpụta afọ ise na ise na ise na atọ gbasara usoro oyi ndị aghọtarịrị n'usoro IEC 60076.

Ọrụ Ọrụ na Ọnụọgụ Ọnụọgụ dị ka Ndị Nlekọta Mmetụta Ọfụma

Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ ịhazi nri na-eji ike mgbe ị na-ahazi olee oge ihe ga-achọpụta. Njehie dị n'ime pụrụ iche pụrụ iche dị mkpa karịa otu onye ọdịnala mara. tinye ndị a burrs na mpuku akụkụ laminaations ma ọ bụ mpuku enweghị ike na windings. Ndị a njehie dị n'ime nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ọzọ kpata ohere site na 20 peresentị gbasaa IEEE mmemme site na 2022. Ezi omume ozi testing e mere ebumnobi ihe dị mkpa. Transformers e meziwara na 0.23mm steel dị elu permeability na-achọpụta oge iri na abụọ asaa peresentị karịa dibu laminaations 0.3mm. Ma ghara ama laser etiti ahiri ahiri ahiri. Mgbe manufacturers ghapụ ya, ha gbawanya mpuku site na 90 peresentị. Mpuku elu naghị egwu flux leakage nke pụtara ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ.

Nchịkọta Mgbakọ Na Mmetụta N'etiti Materials Dị Elu Na Mbụgharị Nri

Ndị akara amorphous nwere ike ịgbadụrụ ọnụ ego mbụ na-enweghị ike ịbawarị ya site na dolola $18k gbasara ebe ndị DOE mere afọ gara aga, mana enweghị isi iji mmeri a. Igozi mbụ dị ka 2.3 otu mgbe ị ga-eji maka ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ, nke pụtara na oge return on investment (ROI) adịghị mma maka ụlọ na-adịgboro ngwaọrụ ha sị ọdịnala na afọ. Gbasara na ụmụmmụ na-achọsị afọ 2024, ụmụ ọchụkwu kwadoro na onye ọrụ ga-amụba 6,300 awa na afọ mbụ tupu mmeri ego a zukwara ihe ọ bụla. Para ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adị n'etiti ihe ndị na-eji ike ogologo oge na ihe dị ala, ikpuchi ihe amorphous na aluminum windings ndị ọzọ dị ka usoro zuru ezu maka arịkweta na njikọta ego.

Otu Ọrụ na Obere Ego na Ndụ Transformer

Njupụta Otu Transformer na Obere Ego N'oge Iji Eme

Mgbe ọkụ eletrik na-aga n'ime akpụkpọ copper, ọ mebie ọkụ n'ihi iwe i squared R ndị agha. Nkwụsị ọkụ n'akụkụ dị iche iche pụtara hysteresis na eddy currents ndị iri nke agha. Otu nyere ya ihe ndị ozi na-adịgboro na ebe kachasoo mma maka ọkụ niile a bụ n'etiti akpụkpọ ahụ. A na-akpọ ebe a "hot spot" n'ihi na ọ daberee ebe ahụ ma ọ bụghị ebe ọ bụla ka ọkụ gaa n'elu. Na e nwere ike ịmụtakwu: mgbe anyị nwere ike ịmụ onwe onye na-ezị hot spot a, anyị nwere ozi zuru oke maka oge insulation anyị ga-achọsị gịnị tupu achọrọ imejụputa.

Iji oke ọkụ 10°C karịa oke ọkụ enyere dị ka IEEE C57.96 kwuru, ekwesịghị imejụta ndụ ohere, nke na-egosipụta mkpa nke njikwa ọkụ na njikwa oke ngwaahịa.

Njide Ọkụ na Mdee Arrhenius: Igozi Ndụ Nkebara

Akwaụkwọ Arrhenius sị na nguzobe nke insulation dị igbu igbu karịa otu 10°C n'elu ụlọ ọcha, na-ebili ndụ transformer (IEC 60076-11). Ntọala exponential a na-atụkwa ike n'ime isi insulation:

Ịmepe ọcha 10–20°C n'okpuru akwụkwọ ohere dị nwere ike ịdabere ndụ ọrụ site na 100–200%.

Igbebi, Ọcha Iwu, na Mbelata Mbelata N'akụkọ Oge

Igbebi ogologo enweghị mbọ na-eme ka ọ dịrị ọcha. Iji atụmatụ 120% ike na-enwekarị aka nke 44% n'ihi ihe I²R, na-akpali okpuru insulation ma na-ebelata ike ọrụ site na 0.5–1.5% na afọ. N'ime iri afọ, nke a nwere ike ibute mmalite 15–20% n'ike ọrụ ma na-echekwa ndụ site na 30–40%.

Akwụkwọ Ọka: Nguzobe Ọcha N'aka Mbọ Igbebi Na Ebe Ndustri

Ebe obibi nke egwuregwu nyere ihe ngosi transformer na ọdụ 12 - dị ala karịa ọdụ 25 a maara. N'akụkọ ahụ, e mere atụmatụ na ụtụ otú 135%, na-eme ka oghomoka ụtụ 150°C wee pụta ihe ngosi. Ihe ndị e mechara ekpuchi ya bụ imezi akpụkpọ mmiri ike n'ozuzu ma ọ dịrị njikọ ya site na 15%, nye ya ohere ịrụ ọrụ.

Sistemu Mmiri ma ọ bụrụ na Mmiri

Usoro Mmiri (ONAN, ONAF, OFAF): Mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na Usoro

Ike ọrụ nke ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpuchi ọcha bụ isi iyi na onwe onwe ya ma ọ bụrụka olee oke ike ọ gaghị agbasa. Tinye sistemụ ONAN dịka otu nke a, a na-eji mmiri obi na-agagharị na-akpuchi ọcha ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere ike ịgbakwunye 98.5% mgbe e ji ya chebe ngwaọrụ nke ọnụọgụ nta. Mana nsogbu bidoro mgbe e nwere ike ịmepụta ngwa ngwa n'otu oge ahụ. Mgbe ahụ, anyị nwere sistemụ ONAF na OFAF nke na-enye akpa maka nyefee ọcha karịa. Ha nwere ike ịnata ọcha ndị siri ike ahụ site na 12 ruo 18 degrees Celsius dibu sistemụ ONAN ndị bekee dị ka a kwadoro na IEEE afọ 2022. Otú ọ dị, oké mkpuchi ọcha ndị a na-enwekarị ike 3 ruo 8 percent karịa ma pụta ịlele ya karịa na ịmepụta ya.

Ọrụ nke Mkporo Ọcha na-Iyipụ Ike Mburubu na Mburubu

Mkpuchi ọcha efu efu enweghị ike ọcha na mburubu. Na ikuku kwa 10°C nke imepe temperature, ike nwere ike ịnata site na 4–6%, dị ka a kwadoro na ihe na-akpata ụtọ akpata . Ihe na-enweta ihe dị ka oil na-atụnyere ụtọ nke ukwuu iji gbanwee ụtọ mgbe ịmịna na-adaghị, ebe ihe na-enweghị oil na-agbakwunye n'ime mmiri na-atụnyere ụtọ iji cheba mkpisi izizi.

Ịhazi Ụtọ na Ndị Na-achọ N'oge Mburu Iji Mee Obere Mburu

Ịhazi ụtọ nke oil na oke ike transformer na iru gas dissolved na-enyekarị aka ịmụ ya n'oge mburu dị ka partial discharges ma ọ bụ mburu ndị na-eme. Ndị isi ike na-eji usoro a na-ahụ maka 30 peresentị mbipute ndị na-abịa n'oge ọ bụla dibu ma ọ bụrụ na ha chikwuru site na CIGRE n'afọ 2021. E nwere infrared scanning na ịmụ ihe dị ka egwu n'ime oil. Usoro a na-echebe mburuburu site na ịmụ ihe dị ka egwu coolant ma ọ bụ signs of oxidation tupu ihe a na-abụkarị karia ma na-ejikarị obere mmechi.

Ịbipụta Smart Sensors na Analytics n'ime Ọrụ Ịgba Ụtọ

Transforma modren na-egosipụta senso fiber-optic n'ime winding maka ịmachi ọcha n'ụbọchị. Dị ka e kọwara n'akụrụngwa ọnụahịa, algorithim adaptive na-agbanwe ụkwụ fan site na atụmatụ ndị dịka ahụ, na-enyere ike mbụ dị elu site na 15–22%. Analitiki based-cloud na-ezikarị akụkụ thermal na data ọhụrụ, nye maka mmepe na njikọpụta oge ndụ dị nwere ike n'ime ±5%.

Ihe ndị dabere na Environment na Iwu Mmepe maka Oge Ndụ

Mmiri, Oxygen, na Njehie: Ngwayị Insulation Degradation

Njehie environment na-eme ka insulation pụọ. Mmiri na-abawanye hydrolysis n'ime cellulose, na-enyere nguzobe dielectric site na 60–70% mgbe humidity relative na-elili karịa 65%. Oxygen na-akwalite oxidation oil, na-enye acidity site na 8–12 ppm/nari na unit unsealed (ASTM D3612). Dust na particle metallic na-emepụta path conductive, na-enye nzaghachi discharge site na 40% n'ime environment njehie.

Ndịmechawọ Ndu: Mmiri, Iwu, na Ngagharị Oyi

Ndimechawọ dị iche iche nyere oke. Ndị na-agba na obere osimiri nwere usoro mkpụrụ osimiri nke mere ka ebe a na-ejikarị ya adịkarị atọ karịa ebe ndị dị na agwa. Ngagharị mmiri na mpụgharị karịa 30% na eruo zuru oge mbaru papaa. Na ebe ndustri, ihe mkpofu na osimiri (>5 mg\m³) na-eme ka oge ndụ transformer dị elu site na 4 ruo 7 afọ maka ngbadun bushing, dịka a kwadoro na akụkọ 2023 NETA.

Transformers Echekwara vs. Transformers Nwere Conservator Na Ebe Dị Iche

Njikwa Ihe Dị Mma: DGA, Ntọala Oli, na Ịhụnanya Ndị Ọzọ

Ihianya gas dị n'ime oli (DGA) na-abịa na mkpụrụ ndị ọzọ nke 87%, nke ebumnule ya site na ethylene (>50 ppm) maka mgbasa oyi ma ọ bụ hydrogen (>100 ppm) maka iduwele osisi. Ntọala oli na afọ ga-akamata:

• Ike dielectric (>56 kV maka 1" akpụkụ)
• Igbe n'etiti (<28 mN/m ekpuchi ikpotapota)
• Nha mmiri (<35 ppm maka oli mineral)

Ihianya irinfrared na-arọtị nkeji abụọ na-ekpuchi 92% nke mpaghara ọcha tupu emechi, na-agwakọtakarị maka NFPA 70B.

FAQ

Kedu ihe ndị bụ isi mmehie nke ike na-enweghị na transformers?

Ndabere nke atọ dị mkpa nke ike na-emebi na transformers bụ ụfọdụ ike hysteresis, ike eddy current, na ike copper.

Kedu ka onyenwe transformer ka ọ dị mma?

Nwere ike ime mma ike transformer site na njikwa ihe a na-eji, nhazi winding dị mma, na mgbanwe omume dị mma.

Kedu ihe ndabere nke ihe mmemme na ala na oge ọrụ nke transformer?

Ihe mmemme dị ka mmiri, ojii, nsọpụrụ, na ngbeghị oyi nwere ike ịdịsịkwa ikpo okwu insulation, nke na-ebutekarị oge ọrụ nke transformer.

Gịnị mere ha na-eji sensors ndị na-akpọkarị na transformers?

Sensors ndị smart anaghị egbochi na transformers maka njikọta oyi n'otu oge ahụ ma kwalitee nrụpụta mgbe ọ dịghị agbata, nke na-agba ume maka nkọwa mbipụtara mgbe ọ dịghị agbata.

Gịnị mere ngbeghị oyi na-achịkwa oge ọrụ insulation nke transformer?

Ịgba ọsọ 10°C karịa oyi a na-ezighị ezi nwere ike ihapụ oge ọrụ insulation nke transformer n'otu oge ahụ, dịka a na-ekwu na Arrhenius model.