Me ne MV switchgears suitable for projects na distribution na uku na mita-ku?

Aikin Sarki na MV Switchgear a cikin Tattara Ilimi da Taya Aikacewa

Tsarin wasan ginya na mita ya yi bazuwar tsari na wasan yankin aikar da ke mita, amfani da ayyukan kamar faɗin kuskyauta, kuskya kuskya, da idanƙar alalƙa. Wannan nau'in abu ya kara tattara kan yankin muhimmi da ke tsofawa ta shan kuskya da alalƙa da suka ƙamta, idanin ayyuka suka fuskantar a matsayin inda kwarai ba zai aiki ba, kamar masalai, wasan yankin bayanai, da wasan yankin semiconductor. Abubuwan yadu da aka sauya su ne suka hada da abubuwan cuta na wasan yanki da abubuwan tattara da suka gani alhakin kuskya kafin su fara fuskantar a cikin tsarin. Wasan yankin da aka sauya su ne zuwa cikin nau'ikan digital na MV switchgear suka hada zuwa 30% na kwarai a shekarar da ya zuwa kafin saboda Plant Engineering magazine. Nau'in wannan tattara ya haifar da farko don nuna aminciyar yanki a cikin grid.

Tattara a cikin Urban da Industrial Grids: Masala na Tokyo Electric Power

Hawan kan city na mata kan gas na koyaya wanda ke kara sa shaguna ta fitar da aiki a cikin ƙasa da suka gaba daya, suna gudanar da batun gida, kuma suke gudanar da aikin samar da tace na teknolijin siyarwa. Misali ne na Tokyo Electric Power wanda ke nuna cewa suka canza gas na koyaya zuwa gas insulated switchgear (GIS) a shekarar da suka zuwa. Canzawa na kara sa shaguna ta kara kawaya akan shi da 60% akan kadan, amma kuma suke gudanar da albe 22 kilovolt. A cikin abin gudunƙasa kuma, wasu company suna yin amfani da switchgear zuwa modular saboda suke buƙatar kara alama ga wasu mesinin girma kamar arc furnaces da kuma wasu gidan tace wanda suke samar da battery na electric vehicle. Wanda ke nufin waɗannan tsarin da suke iya canzawa shine cewa suke gudanar da jiragen na Japan akan samar da tace daga cikin abin gudunƙasa ba taka muhimmiyar jiragen na elektrik.

Tsondaya na Digitalization: Tsohon Gudanarwa da Tace da Tace na Jiragen

Yau da kullun, samfurin madafawa na mita biyu ya kamata da sensorolin da suka shiga internet da alama mai tsibirin sauran abubuwa kamar yadda ke kawarar ginya, ƙawarar harka, da tsofawa ne a cikin waqtar da ke yau. Wannan nazarin aikace-aikacen yin amfani da alama mai hisabin ayyukan da suka shiga yin aiki suna iya rageyin aikace-aikacen da ba a sani ba ta hanyar 45%, saboda maraba kwalliyar masu iyakokin a shekarar 2024. A cikin nishidi da dacewar tattara na sararin da suka faddada tare da shawarar yin amfani da alama mai iyakawa, masu amfani da alama suna nufin samfurin da ya gama alama mai tattara na sararin. Saniyar da shugaban gudun Europe wanda ya dawo shida da 99.98% a matsayin tattarun aikace-aikacen sai suka shigo samfurin da ya da shiga tare da ma'ajiyar yin amfani da alama. Wannan nuna nakece ya kamata aiki ne idan masu aikace-aikacen suka amfani da wannan canza na digital, kuma ya taimaka suyi aiki a matsayin maimakon too.

Maba'ida Masu Amfani da Samfurin Madafawa na Mitawa don Karamar da Karamar Na Ibiyar

Takaddun Matacce ta Amfani da Takaddun mai Tsinkaya (ATR) Na Tsarin Kuskure: Differensun Aiki da Amfani

Tsarin kuskuren matacce na tsangayar zoggo ya fi girma da kuma kayan dakin da zai iya cirewa sosai wanda ke nufin ayyukan gyara da amincewa. Wannan nufin aiki ya fi girma da kuma ya yi hankali akan girman takaddun a matsayin indasitun wanda ke amfani da takadduna a kusurwa. A wani hali, takaddun ATR mai tsinkaya ya yi amfani da wani takaddun guda daya wanda ba shi da abubu mai girma kuma ya yi wani nisa da takadduna daban-daban. Wannan shine saboda haka wani takaddun gudun kasar ya yi amfani da wannan takaddun wajen hanyar da ba da mafawa ba. Lokacin da takaddun indasitun na Texas ya yi upgrade zuwa takaddun matacce ta shekarun da suka shafi suka rage suka dawo da 15% sannan suka duba a Journal na Energy na Indasitun ta shekara 2023. Nufin modular na wannan nizamin ya yi lafiya wajen hanyar da suka amfani dasu a cikin indasitun daban-daban.

Nizamin Modular wajen Distribution na Biyu: Abubu Mai Zoggo

Takaddun MV na iya rarraba da bus da aka fasaƙi da saitin da aka shigar da yawa zeye iya ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da suka fadda da sauraren na uku da suka haɗa. Wannan tsari zeye iya tura da sauraren da ba su da buƙatar kafa sabon aikace-aikacen ba. A yau da kullun, waɗannan alamar zeye iya samar da sauraren da ke tafiya duka guda, suna da amfani da yawan gwiwa da aka tura da sauran tattara da tattaren da suka shiga.

Tambayoyin Na’i: Tura Alamar Na Gwiwa Na Gwiwa Ta Metal (Texas, USA)

Wani masallacin gwiwa a Texas ya nuna alamar gwiwa ta shekaru 80 suka yi da alamar gwiwa ta metal mai amfani da 25 kA, ya kaupe daga cikin alamar da suka tabbatar da matsalar da suka fuskantar a lokacin da ke ciki. Tura ce ta haɗa da alamar da suka tura da sauran IoT, suna da ƙarin 40% ƙarin aikace-aikacen da suka yi da alamar a shekara da suka yi da ɗau 18.

Tsarin Zabta: Zabtin Nau’in Alamar Gwiwa da Yawan Gwiwa da Karkatar

Zabtin ɗaya MV alamar gwiwa zeye iya amfani da hudu abubuwa masu muhimmi:

1. Yawan gwiwa da suka yi da sauraren : Zaune da ke ɗaukar sauye-sauye suna buƙatar sauyar 100+ a yau da ke ƙauwa
2. Sauyar kuskure : Daga cikin saƙo ya sami ≥25 kA tacewar sauye
3. Tsibiri : Zaune na kama na kolo suna buƙatar alhurwa da ke ƙauya da yawa don taka leda
4. Takaitaccen bayani : Zaune mai ɗan tsura suna iya samar da kara ƙarancin biyan kwalin karkashin kamar yadda suka yi daban-daban (Takaitaccen Bayanin Tsarin Arewa, 2023)

Aire-Aire da ke ɗaukar gas na MV: Tacewa da Tacewar Na Amba

Iyakar AIS da GIS: Siffo, Gudumawa da Biyan Kwalin Karkashin

Switchgear mai tsaye a tsaye, ko kuma AIS wanda ke kira a yau da yau, yana amfani da abin da ke yin tsaye don mutuwar aikin. Wannan shine nufin sai take up about three to five times more room compared to gas insulated switchgear (GIS). Don al'ada inda ba su da matsala da shagari ba kamar yauke na gona, AIS yana kira kudin. Amma idan mu ke talk about cities inda kowane mita guda ke yin amfani, AIS bata fit ba. Switchgear mai amfani da gas yana amfani da something called sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) a matsayin abin da ke tsaye. Wannan system take up roughly 90% less space kuma sai kudin da ke 40 zuwa 60% lar da IEC reports na 2023. Idan mu fara yi hisab day to day operations, za a sami farko a cikin abin da ke bukata maintenance. Wani abin AIS bukata checking for dirt and debris kusa zuwa uku kwanan watan. A wani babban gidan kuma, GIS installation bukata special monitoring inda ke gas level kwanan watan zuwa biyu ko kusa zuwa uku ba da shuruti ba.

Matsalar al'ada da kuma pressure na SF6

Garin SF6 ya dakka cikin kira-kira 85% na sistemai GIS duka duniya, amma wadannan baki da ke cikinsa shine yana da alhakin na gudun ƙasa da ke cikin kira-kira 23,500 za biyu dibbe zuwa CO2 kada a cikin abubuwan EPA zuwa 2022. Masu sarauta na Yaruren Europa ba su jin taka ba ne suke buƙata rage yin amfani da SF6 zuwa ƙarshen 2030. Sai kuma idan wani mutum ya kai SF6 ya tafi duniya, zai sami jira da ke cikin kira-kira mitin duka. Saboda wadannan abubuwan da ke maimaita, masu amfani da ke cikin wasu shagunan suna canza zuwa abubuwa da suke tsayawa don kai'ido, suna amfani da wasu abubuwa kamar garin gudu ko naitrojin.

Tusshar Amsawa: Aiwatar da GIS a Duk Da'iruwan da ke Karkashin Rarrabawa

Sabin na'urar waya na uku ya sauta ƙarin ƙarin 99.98% ta hanyar ƙimar AIS zuwa GIS a kofuna 42. Sabin na iya kammata rukunin kofuna ta 75%, wacce ya zama muhimmiyar aiki don tunelolin da ke da tsawon tsakanin 5 mita. Amma, kwarewar saitin kimiya ya ƙare 18% ta hanyar ƙarin buƙatar SF6.

Nufin Insulation: Solid Dielectrics da Vacuum Switching Technologies

Yawan ƙauƙunte zuwa saman SIS da kuma vakuum yake tafiyar amfani da SF6 a tsarin MV a yau da kullun. Mun ce kamar 92% cuta dib kada aka yi amfani da SIS akwai kada aka yi da juya gas. Saboda haka, wanda ke amfani da 24kV yake saman kasa fai 22% kasa kai tsaye kada aka yi gas. Kuma akwai kawai karamin gama 0.5ppb wanda ke fitowa. A ciki, manyi biyu na iya yi amfani da vakuum da kuma CO2 yake taka 50% a tsarin MV a gaba. Wannan za a iya amfani da shi domin iya fitar da aikace-aikacen gwiwa da kuma iya samar da shagunan yankuna.

Eko-Efiyanshin Gases (g3, Tsarin Gwiwa): Ilimin Aiki da Kariya

Switchgear na MV na ƙarshi wanda baza yi amfani da SF6 ba tana fuskantar gasolin da na amfani da gaskiya kamar g3, wanda sune madaidaicin fluoronitrile, kuma Clean Air wanda ke nuniyar abin gudu da nitrogen. Waɗannan abubuwan da sabuwar yana da alaƙau da SF6 a cikin al'adun insulator elektirƙi, amma suna kara ƙarin ƙarin aikin su a cikin canzawa na zamani da ƙarin 99%. Tattaunawa a cikin shafukan da ke yau yana nuna cewa tsere da ke amfani da g3 insulator suna taka lekalin su a ƙarin 0.5% tun ke cikin amfani da fusha 30% fiye da al'adun su, wanda ke nuna cewa suka biyan IEC 62271-203 specifications don al'adun. Bayan G7 countries suka yi gargajiya don kawar da amfani da SF6 a cikin duk abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira sabuwa zuwa 2024, girman girman Europe tana fara son abubuwan da baza yi amfani da SF6 ba a cikin wasan su, kuma akwai takwas da biyu daga cikin uku suka yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da na gaskiya a cikin wasan da suka nuna.

Kamfanin Ƙasa na SF6: Sakamakon F-Gas Regulation da Kyoto Protocol

Yawan ƙasa da ke sama biyu da suka shan ayyukan SF6 ta hanyar wasu ƙarin F-Gas kuma suka barci a cikin Kyoto Protocol, wanda suka nuna suka rage sakamakon zuwa ga ƙarshi iri nupayin bayan 2030. A Europe, wasu ƙarin shekara ta 2024 sun tsara SF6 daga cikin wasan kasa na amfani da fitilin fitilin fitila da aka yi wahalar gama 52 kilovolts ko fiye. A yayin din China, wasan kasa ta da dubu GB/T 11022-2023 suna buƙatar wasan ƙarin lamur gudu inda aka ƙarin shagunan jama'a. Wannan canjiwar suna iya fitowa su na suka ƙarin ƙarin wasan fitilin fitila da ba su da SF6 iri daya da suka nuna a shekara da suka zuwa. Yawan halayen teknologiya suna zama kusan kai tsaye yau, suna aiki da gaske a cikin fitilin fitila daga 12 zuwa 40.5 kilovolts.

Tusshen Matsala: Tsinkaya zuwa SF6-Free GIS na National Grid UK

National Grid UK ya kiyaye 145 SF6 GIS units da Clean Air-insulated systems a kofar 12 substations, wanda ya saura:

• Reduction na ƙarfe na 18 tons na SF6 emissions
• kudin biyan karkatarwa ce ta ƙarewa ta 30% sebaben gudun gas handling
• a makama na ƙarewa ta 25% yayin amfani da modular construction
  Kiyaye bayan amfani ya tunaya cewa ainihin ƙarfe na 99.98% ya fitowa a lokacin da ke ciki, wanda ya tunaya cewa SF6-free technology ya dacewa a cikin tarewa na transmission.

Roadmap don Utilities: Waysa don Gudanar da MV Switchgear mai tsayayyen yin amfani

Don kiyaye daidai, utilities dole ne suyi focus:

1. Tahlilin Kura Da Duniya wajen carbon pricing da kuma kiyaye na regulatory a cikin ranar da ke ciki
2. Retrofit programs wajen integratin vacuum circuit breakers a cikin SF6 bays da ke ciki
3. Takaddun mai amfani a kan kashin tattara da kula da gasolin na amfani
4. Takamura da R&D tare da mai amfani don nisa da ƙarfi na 72.5 kV
   Mai gabatar da aka yi zai sami sashin cikin ƙofa ta hanyar kula da kara da kawar da amfani.

Zaɓi da Kama da Tsarin Ƙarfi na MV a Cikin Masalolin Da ke Zaman Littattawa

Alama- alama na iyalin: Tsarin Voltage, Tsarin Karkashin, da IP Kula

Zaɓin MV yana fara da mithman shirye-shiryen:

• Rabuwanci Rating doke zai yiye da ƙofa na 15–20% per IEC 62271-200
• Mahimmacin Gama-Karko doke zai dace da shirye na ƙofa da aka yi cikin masalolin
• Fam zuwa kelasin aikin IP (saboda haka, IP54) ya sauye gaskiya don tsuntsaye da kwayoyin cikin shafukan kofa

Takaitaccen 2023 na dukia na gaban kasa wanda aka samu shi ne a ƙarƙashin 62% na kuskurewa na swichgear daga cikin ƙarin adadin short-circuit, wanda ya nuna mahimmancin takaitaccen takamaiman inganci.

Takaitaccen Tsari na Tsari (LCA) don Tattara Mai Tsananin Tsari

Mai inganci mai tsayawa yana amfani da kudin kowane lokaci a cikin tazwar 25 shekaru. Swichgear na metal clad ke nufi da kudin kowane lokaci ta hanyar 18–22% karancin kudin kowane lokaci dibenshin swichgear na karkashin, wasu ne daga cikin sauyin samun abubu da kuskurewar aikin a lokacin amfani da ingancin.

Takaitaccen Abu: Substations na Daban Daban na Gidan Ruwa da Zabtin Cikin Daban Daban

Gidan ruwan na North Sea ya sauye gaskiya ta hanyar 41% bayan yin amfani da swichgear na MV wanda ke taba zuwa gaban ruwa da kuma yin amfani da tsarin tushewa wanda aka sa shi don tace da tushen ruwa ta hanyar 2.5 mita. Tsarin mai gaskiya ya sauye gaskiya don aikin cikin daya daga cikin maimakon ruwan da ke kuro.

Karƙara da Aminci: Tabbatar da Kari da Karkatarwa ta Amfani da Alƙawari

Mai ƙarfi na MV ya ƙarƙara amincin da sauyawa ta hanyoyi biyu na amincin:

1. Tabbatar da kari an yi testinsa zuwa IEEE C37.20.7 (kara iya taka leda 40 kA don 500 ms)
2. Tununan IoT taka leda gudunƙarwa , wanda ya kara rana ƙawarwa da ba za a iya bautawa ba ta amfani da alƙawarwar gudunƙarwa ta 57%

Nufin Aiki: Ayyukan Gudunƙarwa Masu Amfani da ATR Switchgear (Australiya)

A yankin Pilbara na Australiya, an gudunƙara ATR switchgear mai gudu ya yi amincin ƙarfin 93.6% tun da haka an tabbata shi da shidda - zuwa ƙarfi mai girma da ƙarfi mai girma mai ƙarfi mai 50°C da kuma kari na 15 mg/m³ - wanda ya nuna maimakon sa a cikin ayyukan gudunƙarwa.

Tambayoyi Masu Yawan Faruwa

Menene MV Switchgear kuma menene munabinta?

MV (Takaddun Tsere) na Switchgear ya dace a cikin sauyan taka leda, ya yi ayyukan kamar yadda taka leda, kara taka leda da kuma gudunƙarwa. Ya kara amincin da sauyawa na al'aduwa da suka biyu kamar yadda wasanƙi da data centers.

Yaya Digital MV Switchgear ya ƙara tsoho?

Digital MV Switchgear ya haɗa da alaƙa na kwallon gani, ta ba da shagawa don kula da za a iya kula ba. Wannan ya kara gaban ƙwararren an gaban ta hanyoyi da suka fito da ƙarin 45%, kamar yadda aka fassara ta hanyar tsohon al'umma.

Mene ne mafauta na gaskiya daga SF6 gas wanda aka amma da shi a cikin GIS systems?

SF6 gas ya da amfani na kuyoyin gaskiya, ya zafi 23,500 karuwa fiye da CO2. Masu sharia suke so su kara gaban yawan amfani da shi, suke so su tafi daga gaskiya da suka fito da gaskiya mai yawa kamar dry air da nitrogen.

Mene ne farkoke na yanayi a cikin Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS) da Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)?

AIS ya amma da gaskiya ta hanyar gaskiya mai yawa, ya kamata mai yawa a cikin gida, inda GIS ya amma da SF6 gas kuma ya fi yanki kuma ya fi kira. GIS ya kamata a wuroda da suka ke kuskuren gida, inda AIS ya kamata a wuroda gida na gudu.