He aha te tauwhaitanga o ngā hiahia whakahaere pūngao mō te ahumahi?

Te Tūāpapa Matua o te Whakahaere Hiko i te Tukatuka Hiko me te Aitomataki

Me Pēhea te Whakaritea e te Whakahaere Hiko i te Tukatuka Ātaahua i ngā Pūnaha Aitomataki

Ko te whakahaere hiko te tuāpapa o ngā whatunga hiko hou, e wehe ana i ngā panoni, e whakahaere ana i ngā rerekētanga tāpoi, me te pupuri i te haerenga o te mahi. I ngā tohunga aitomataki, kaitepeka ngā kaitiaki ara hiko matua me ngā paraihe e 27% te itinga o te wā kore mahi mō te whakaurunga ā-ringaringa (Pukapuka Mātai Hiko, 2023). Ko ēnei wae katoa e mahi tahi ana me ngā kainoho rorohiko kaupapa (PLCs) kia:

• Huri tika tonu i te hiko ina pāngia e te tāpoi nui
• Whakaprioritī i ngā tāpoi matua i ngā tikanga hanga
• Whakaemihia ngā heke o te tohatoha ki raro ake i te 0.1 hēkona

Ka taea e te whai wāhi aitomataki i ngā whare putangata te whakauru i ngā cikike whakaputa kaua noa, āno te pānga ki ngā aronga whatunga.

Te hononga o te Whakahaere Hiko ki SCADA me IoT mō te Tirohanga Wā-Atamira

Ko te taputapu hōkio modern kua honoa ngātahi me ngā punaha whakahaere ārahi me te whakauru raraunga (SCADA) me ngā kaiwhakaatu IoT, waihangatia ana he hapori whai mōhio pokapū. Kei te whakamahia e te 68% atu rānei o ngā kaitūhono here whenua i tēnei wā te taputapu hōkio ki ngā kaiwhakaatu tuhureda e whai mōhio ana:

Ko ēnei pūnaha mātauranga e tuku ana raraunga tru ngā arataki IEC 61850, e whai wāhi ai ngā kaitūhono ki te whakamau i te rere o te hiko me te tautohe i ngā take kore aronga i mua i te pakaru.

Tōpito Tuhinga: Awhina Puna Hiko Mātauranga mā te Whakamahi i ngā Pūnaha Matapihi Matihiko ki Ūropi

I tētahi kaupapa ārai tau 2022 ki Bavaria i whakakapihia ngā tapa matapihi takotoranga taketake ki ngā pūnaha matihiko kei ngā kaiwhakarongo ika hiko me ngā kōrero pāpā whatu Ethernet. I te whakapai ake i ngā mahi:

• 40% he pai ake te wā kia pakaru (0.83 mātātoko vs. 1.4 mātātoko)
• 92% he iti ake ngā haerenga tiaki
• 18% te whakapai ake i ngā inenga whakapau hiko

Kua whakauruhia tēnei huringa kia taea te ārautanga utu-o-rangi mō te 23 puna hiko hounga, i te noho tonu i te wātea hiko 99.998%—kua mau nei tēnei paerewa e 14 whenua EU mō te whakapai ake i ngā puna hiko.

Whakauru Manawaroa o te Rerekē me ngā Pūkenga Hoki ake mā ngā Tapatoru Whakangungu Matua

Āwhina i te tautohe i ngā take me ngā rerekē e hoki ake ana mā ngā mahi matapihi mātauranga

Ko ngā whakaritenga o ngā tapa hiko o tēnei rā e whai mātai ana i ngā kainahiko hiki i te ipurangi me ngā aratohu mātau ka taea te kitea i ngā raru ake i te 15 mirimitika, e rite ana ki te 20 nekehanga tere ake i ngā pūnaha tuku tawhito e ai ki te MarketDataForecast mai i te tau ki muri. Mā tēnei tere kitea ka taea te whakarerekē aunoa i ngā whatitiri ina hekona ētahi mea, ka iti ake te roa o ngā wā kauheke hiko e te 60% i ngā rohe tāone e nui ana te whakapono ki te hiko. Ko te pūnaha kei roto ko ngā tikanga tiaki rerekē, me ngā tīwae tōmuri anuanu hiko ka āwhina i ngā kamupene hiko ki te whakamutu i ngā wāhanga hekona kia kaua e pakaru te ratonga ki ētahi atu wāhi. Ko tēnei momo wehenga kōaro e nui ake ana ina ngā take matua, pērā i ngā hōhipera, ngā pokapū raraunga rānei e hiahiatia ana kia mahi tonu.

Tauānga Tāpiri: Te whakauru i te tapa hiko whakamutu anuanu ki ngā whatitiri iti-iti o Ūropi

I te 2022, i whakaatu tētahi whakamātau i Maharashtra kua pēra pea te iti ake o ngā wā kaua e puta mai te hikoī i ngā rōpū rama solar, nā ngā pātene motuhake nei. I te wā i tata ai te toru hāora mō te hoki anō i te hikoī, i āhua noa i te parirau paku (22 hekona) i roa ai te pānga ki te tangata. Ko te mea nui ka pai ai tēnei mahi, ko te punaha mātauranga kei roto e āhua ai ki te āhua pērā i tētahi manu e patu ana ki te raina, i te herenga kino tika e hiahiatia ana te whakatika. I angaia e te punaha te hoki anō i te hikoī angitu 98 ngā wā i runga i ngā 100 wā, kāore he mea e piki ana ki ngā pou, kāore he inijini e karapotia. I tēnei wā, kei te mau tonu te hikoī mō te 47 miriona whare e paingia ana i ngā kāinga 83 kei te rohe. Ā, nā te āhua o te hoahoa ki ngā wae takotoria e tūhono ana pērā me ngā porotiti, kāore i tino uaua te whānuitanga i ētahi atu wāhi, engari he mea tino māmā, ā, e kōrero ana ngā kaiwhakamahi.

Tātai aronga: Te rāwekenga o te taputapu hiko mātauranga kei te whakahaerenga hangarau (2020–2030)

Ko te mākeke o te ao mō ngā taputapu tūmatanui e whakatika ana i a rātou anō ka tipu ki te 8.2% CAGR truia 2030, ka hikiua e ngā here tohua mō te whakauru i ngā rāwekenga hou me ngā kaupapa whakapai aha hiko. Ko ngā tauira kawenga matua e whakaatu nei:

• 72% o ngā whakapakanga hokohoko hou e tohu ana i ngā taputapu tūmatanui e whai rite ana ki te IEC 61850
• Ngā penapena hiko o 9–14% i piki ai truia te āwhina tūmatanui
• Ngā algorithima tiaki whakamua e roa ake ai te ora o ngā taputapu 40%

Whakapai ake i te Rangahau Hiko, Haumaru, me te Whaiwāhitanga Whakahaere

Ngā punaha taputapu tūmatanui hōu e whai pānga ana ki ngā take matua e toru i roto i te hanganga hiko: heiti i te wāhi hiko, tiaki i ngā kaimahi, me te whakapono kia mau tonu ngā whakahaere.

Heiti i ngā ngaro hiko truia te Whakahaere Tūmatanui Smart truia ngā Ariotā Taputapu Tūmatanui

Kātahi ka iti ake ngā raraunga hiko 7–12% mā te whakamahi i ngā tapa tūhono matatau me te whakatika i te āhua hiko (tātari a te ahumahi 2025). Whakarerekē ēnei pūnaha i ngā rārangi volta hei wā tonu, ā, ka huri i ngā uta i te wā o te hiawa nui, kia kaua ai ngā turupairei e hinga ana. Ka iti ake ngā hiko kīrehe ki te arataki mōhio, ā, ka pupuri ake ngā pūtea kapaita i te āhua hiko pai (>0.95) i roto i ngā whare hanga.

Haumātanga Pai ake mā te Whakahaere Tawhito me te Mōhiotia i te Tira Arca

Ka iti ake ngā mōrearea tira arca 60% muna i ngā pūnaha tawhito mā ngā wehenga takotoranga whenua me te pakitara inarākarī. Ka mataara ngā kaimahi i ngā tapa tūhono 11–33kV mā ngā HMI haumaru mai i ngā tawhitinga haumaru, kia kaua ai ngā take takotoranga hiko-teitei 92%.

Te Whakapainga i te Utu me te Haumātanga i te Whakauru Tapa Tūhono Hiko-Teitei

Ko ngā kāwai tūmatanui me ngā taputapu whakamarumaru hiko (GIS) e 40% te iti ake i ngā hoahoa hau, i te tuhinga tonu i te pūmau >99.9% o te dielectric. Ko ngā tātari utu oranga-haere e whakaatu ana ko te GIS ka tūhono moni ki ngā whakamahinga 72kV+, trū āhuatanga iti ake me te whenua.

He Tauāki mō te Whakapai ake i ngā Pūnaha Tawhito ki ngā Rautaki Switchgear Mōhiotia

Ko ngā whakapai ake takitahi e whakamahia ana i ngā wā kua weheia te switchgear e 85% te whakamahi anō i ngā waehanga i te wā o ngā whakapai ake. Ko ngā aratohu papa tūhono rite e taea ai te urupare pakari a IoT me ngā relays matihiko kāore he panoni katoa i te pūnaha.

Te Takotoranga Matihiko me te Tiaki Whakamua: Te Anamata o te Whakahaere Switchgear

Kei te nekeneke ngā punaha hiko i ēnei rā i te whakatika i ngā raru i muri i te huringa ki te whakamātau i ngā raruraru i mua i te huringa. Kua tīmata te hanga ngā here whenua matihiko i tēnei wāhi, e penapena ana i te wā kore mahi o ngā taputapu e 45 ōrau, pērā anō hoki me te utu tiaki tiatia e 30 ōrau e ai ki te rangahau a Smart Energy i te tau ki muri. Ka taea e ngā kamupene te hāngai i ngā whakamātautau hei kite i te mahinga o ngā mea ina huri ngā tāpoi, ā, ka taea hoki te kite i ngā tohu mate mā ngā taputapu tātari AI ina hangaia e rātou ēnei kope kiriata o ngā wae taputapu switchgear. Hei tauira tētahi kaihanga nui, i te 2023 i taea e tō rātou whakarigotanga switchgear mātoruturu te whakatika i ngā haronga 40% tere ake nō te whakauru i ngā panonitanga o ngā kaitirotiro ora ki ngā ripoata pakanga ki mua. Ko tēnei momo aronga whakapaipai e huri haere nei i te mahi tiaki mō te ahumāra katoa.

Ko te whakamahere aukati mā te whāinga matihiko e taea ai te whakauru i te pāga o te whakakī i ngā taputapu takirua hiko 72 haora i mua, ā, e 89% te pono, ka taea ai ngā mahi tika i te wā. Ko te aronga nei e hono ana i ngā ine hōuhu, kiriwhenua, me te tūhau paku-paku mai i te IoT ki ngā algorithim mātauranga rorohiko kia āhua kitea te hauora o ngā taputapu hiko.

Ki te āpiti atu, ko ngā papaaraiha hou e paingia ana e te kapua e tuku tirohanga tawhito ana mā ngā tukutuku parerērea, me te rorohiko taumata e whakahaere ana i te 85% o ngā raraunga kaitirotiro ki te wāhi e muru ai i te roa wā. Ko ngā kamupene hiko e whakamahi nei i ēnei papaaraiha takitahi e 55% te iti ake i ngā wā kāore he hiko i te mātai i ngā tikanga tawhito.

Te Whakarite Kākāhu me te Tūhonutanga i ngā Huinga Awhina Kākāhu Kua Oti Te Waihanga

Te Whiwhi Kotahi I Waenganui I Ngā Taputapu Hiko Me Ngā Tikanga Arataki (IEC 61850, Modbus)

Me hāpai tika ngā tapa whakauru o te rā nei i ngā tikanga whakahaere hangarau rerekē pērā i te IEC 61850 e whakamahia ana matua i ngā wāhi hiko me te Modbus mō te tirotiro i te mahi o ngā taputapu. Ko ngā rangahau hou e whakaatu ana kua neke ki te toru hauwhā o ngā raru katoa mō te tūhono pea pea i ngā tikanga e hāngai ana, ā, ko te tapa whakauru aukati e whakatika ana i tēnei take mā te hangarau whakarerekē tikanga kei roto. Ko ēnei punaha matatauranga nui heoi ka mahi pērā i ngā kaiwhakamaori i waenganui i ngā punaha SCADA tawhito me ngā whatunga IoT hōu ake, kaore i pakaru ngā here taupua. Mā te titiro ki ngā whakaaturanga mai i ngā akoranga mō ngā rorohiko huinga, ina ōrite ngā paerewa whakawhitinga kōrero ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kite i ngā hapa takitahi i runga i ētahi wāhi maha e maroke ana i runga i ngā wāhi nui. He āhuatanga anuanu te tino herekore mō ngā kamupene hiko e whai wāhi ana ki ngā tohu AC me DC hihiri kua huinga tēnei rā.

Te Hoahoa i ngā Whare Papatipu Tapa Whakauru mō ngā Tari Ahumahi E Pakari Haere Ana

Ko ngā punaha whakahoahoa e hoahoa ana mō te āhua kua hua ai ngā toihanga i tō rātou kaha pūhiko ki te whai i ngā wae katoa me ngā rautaki huinga hui ki te kapua. Ina tāpihitia e ngā toihanga ngā rōpū iti aiteoro solar, e kitea ana hauanui rātou ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu waenga o te tohatoha e penapena ana i te 40% pea i te wā tāpiritanga i ngā tūmau takotoranga. He nui ngā tohunga i te ao e whakaatu ana kia whai i ngā hoahoa huinga e wātea ana ngā atamira hei whakauru, nā reira ka māmā ake te tāpiri i ngā rauemi pūngao kua tukuna ki muri, i te whakauru i ngā tātaitanga uta e pakari ana ki te AI. Ka penapena hoki ngā penapena. I te wā o te tekau tau, ka heke pea te utu huringa takotoranga 32%. Anō hoki, kei te pupuri tonu ēnei punaha i te mahi tika rawa, me te noho tūmau o te 99.98%. Mō ngā wāhi pērā i ngā toihanga waka e muhu ana te moni ina tataatia te hui, i ngā pokapoka raraunga e mahi tonu ana i ngā ratonga, ko te pono o tēnei momo ka whakarerekē i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi.

FAQ

He aha te tuāwaitanga o te taputapu whakahohe i ngā punaha whakahaere?

Ko te taputapu whakahohe i ngā punaha whakahaere e āwhina ana i te wehenga i ngā hapa, te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga o te uta, me te pupuri i te haumaru o te mahi, nā reira ka tiakina te tukatuka hiko kia māmā ai me kore noa i ngā wā hiato.

Me pēhea te hononga o te taputapu whakahohe ki ngā punaha SCADA me IoT?

Ko te taputapu whakahohe hou e hono ana ki ngā punaha SCADA me IoT mā te whakamahi i ngā kai-ine ki roto me te tuku raraunga mā ngā tikanga IEC 61850 mō te mataara pokapoka me te tinihanga i ngā take.

He aha ngā painga e hua ana mai i te taputapu whakahohe matihiko i te whakahaerenga whatunga?

Wātea ana ngā painga e tukuna ana e te taputapu whakahohe matihiko pērā i te tere ake i te whakakore i ngā hapa, he iti ake ngā manuhiri tiaki, ka pai ake te whakapono ki te whatunga, me te taurite taima-koiora i te uta mō te whakahaere i te hiko pai ake.

Me pēhea te painga a te tiaki mō te āhua mai i te takotoranga matihiko (digital twinning) i te whakahaerenga taputapu whakahohe?

Ko te whakahaere ake i ngā raru mā ngā takotoranga matihiko e āraite ana i ngā raru i mua i te huinga, e whakaiti ana i te wā kore mahi o ngā taputapu me ngā utu whakahaere mā te whaiwhai i te mahinga me te tātari i ngā tohu warewarenga ki ngā taputapu mā ngā rāwekenga AI.