He aha ngā taputapu MV e ōrite ana ki ngā hiahia arataki haumāta tūmatanui?

Ngā Momo Matua o ngā Tapa Whakawhitinga MV me Ō rātou Tūtohu i te Tukatuka

Whakawhitinga Hau (AIS), Whakawhitinga Hau (GIS), me ngā Tapa Whakawhitinga MV Huarua mō ngā Kētua Tuarua vs. Kētua Tuarua

Ko ngā taputapu whakamātau māwhera he toru ngā momo matua e hāngai ana ki tā rātou whakamaroke: ngā pūnaha maroke ai (AIS), ngā pūnaha maroke kātata (GIS), me ngā takotoranga takirua e huinga ana i ēnei ara e rua. Ko te putanga maroke ai e horoi ana i te hau noa hei matū whakamaroke matua. He iti ake ngā utu, ā, ka taea te whakatikatika tūmatanui, nō reira he pai ake mō ngā whatunga iti ake e kitea ana kei ngā wāhi pakihi, ngā takiwā mātātoko rānei e kore ana he here atamira nui, i te whakapono matua hoki. Ko ngā pūnaha maroke kātata e mahi motuhake ana trātai SF6 kātata rīkoata, i ngā kōwhiringa hou ake e hāpai ake ana i te taiao. E pai ake ana ki te tiaki i ngā araki hiko, e iti ake ana te wāhi e pokai ana, ā, e pai ake ana ki te whakahaere i ngā wero taiao i tā rātou hoa maroke ai. Nō ngā painga nei, kua kōkiri te matapae GIS hei whakaritenga māwhera mō ngā whatunga māwhera o te tāone e tautokona ana ngā wāhi tūmatanui pērā i ngā pokapū hauora, ngā wāhi huinga haerenga, me ngā pātaka kaitirotiro. Ko ngā takotoranga takirua he ara tāwhai waenga e huinga ana i ngā wāhanga mai i ēnei ao e rua. Hei tauira, he wāhi ka whakamahia e kē te hangarau GIS mō ngā hononga o roto, engari ka pupuri i ngā wāhanga AIS tuku iho mō ngā uara o waho. Kātahi ka taea te āhua i ngā āhuatanga pērā i ngā utu whakauru, ngā hiahia whakatika, me ngā here wāhi i ngā wāhanga o te whatunga e kore ai e hāngai te whakauru katoa ki GIS i tēnei wā i te āhuatanga moni, i te whakahaere rānei.

Ngā Hōhua Āhuatanga Mō ngā Tono: Pad-Mounted, Metal-Clad, Vault, me ngā RMUs

Ko te whirihoranga takotoranga e whakarārangitia ana mā ngā here o te wāhi, te urupare, me ngā matapriority:

• Ngā kapa e tu ana ki te whenua ko ngā pouaka pūpahi haumaru kei te whenua, tino pai mō te tukatuka taiao hokohoko me te noho, ina koa kei reira ka huri te taraiwa mai i runga ki raro i te whenua.
• Te taputapu Metal-clad , me ngā taputapu wehe-tātoko me ngā wāhanga wehe, e tautokoa ana i ngā here matatau i ngā papahono matua kei ngā wheqere, ngā tohunga hanga, me ngā hononga ratonga.
• Ngā tāpoi Vault whakaae kia tukuna katoa ki raro i te whenua ki ngā ara tāone tiakina, e iti ana i te wāhi matawhenua engari e pupuri ana i te pānga wera me te pānga maroke.
• Ngā wae takirua (RMUs) mātakitaki atamira mō ngā whatunga tuarua—e iti ake ai te roa o te pānga pakaru, ā, e whakaae ana kia wehea tere ake i te wā o ngā wēnga.

Ko te maru o te āhuarangi e pā ana ki te whiriwhiri: he taiao parurenga hei tautoko i te AIS; ko ngā wāhi e pouri ana, ngā takiwā taiapa rānei e hiahiatia ana he GIS kua tohua, ngā pūtaka kua nukuhia, i te RMU e tāutu ana IP66. Ko ngā RMU pūtau-tapatoru—kua noho hei tikanga mō ngā hononga pūhiko rā, ngā takotoranga tūhono reka EV—e tuku ana i te mahi kore tiaki mō te 30 tau, e hurahura ana i te whakaurunga o ngā rāwekenga.

Ngā Kaupae Matua mō te Whiriwhiri i ngā Taputapu Tīwae MV

Kāhui Tahumaero (1–36/69 kV), Tikanga Mahi Utu, me te Maru o te Taiao

E toru ngā kaupae e pā ana ki te whiriwhiri pai rawa atu mō ngā taputapu tīwae MV:

• Kāhui Tahumaero : Me tāutu tōtahi ki te tahumaero o te pūnaha e mahi ana—hei tauira, 15 kV mō ngā arataki takiwā, 27.6 kV mō ngā mahi whakangao, i te 36 kV mō ngā kāinga matua hokohoko. Mēnā he iti ake te tāutu, he raru te pakaru o te ārai; mēnā he nui ake, he utu me te rahi kore take.
• Tikanga Mahi Utu : Ngā tono ririhau, ririhau-teitei (hei tauira, ngā pokapoka raraunga, ngā tohunga paraihe paraihe) e here ana i te hiko whakawhitinga mō te roa thermal (hei tauira, 40 kA/3s), i te wā e whakaae ai ngā utanga āhua (hei tauira, ngā pūpahi kurīkurī) ki ngā here whenua ake.
• Te Mana Whakatikahanga Taiao : Ka heke te māka ake o te taumaha karaka ~1% ia 100 m te teitei; ka āwhina te pouri >90% RH ki te pā ki te huaki; ko te para, hukapapa, tino ranei e here ana i ngā pouaka IP54+ me ngā waehanga kua pakaru.

Ina kāore ēnei punanga e hui tika ana, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā hinganga taputapu, i somewhere between 40 ki te 60 percent ake rānei mā te raraunga mara. Tētahi tauira paraihe ko te whakaurunga pakaru o te 12kV ki te ara 15kV. Ko te putanga? He tūhuratanga pūtangatawhenua tūpato i mutu ai i te utu i te waru rau tekau miriona tāra ia wā i mōhiotia ai e te Rōpū Ponemon i te 2023. Ina titiro ki ngā tīmataka pērā i IEC 60694 he mea hēnua nā, nā reira kei a ia ngā tāparapara tākarotanga tiketike me ngā whakarāpopotonga taumata paru e hiahiatia ana e ngā iniera hei whakamana i ngā whakaurunga motuhake mō ia wāhi. Ka mōhiotia e ngā kaimahi ahumahi tēnei ka tūtohu moni ki ngā matērihia parewa kikohe me ngā pou taraiwa epoxy e noho pā ki te 15% ake i ngā kōwhiringa noa, engari i te roanga o te wā ka iti ake ngā herekenga tiaki-ā-muri mai i te 30%. Ka nui haere te oronga i runga i ngā whakaurunga maha.

Te Haumaru, ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Tāhuhu, me ngā Whakamātautau i te Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakamātautau i ngā Whakam......

Te whakamātautau i ngā tāhuhu IEC 62271-200 me ngā tāhuhu ANSI C37 mō te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakam......

Kāore e taea te whakaroa i te haumātaotao o ngā kaimahi, ā, kei te mana whakahaere tō te ahumahi. Kei ngā paerewa pērā i te IEC 62271-200 me te ANSI C37.20.2 te hiahiatanga kia whakaatu ngā taputapu whakarereke mōhio he aha te marino ki te arca. Ina manawatia, me āki ai ēnei taputapu i ngā arca roto kia kaua ai e pakaru ō rātou pouaka. Me āki hoki i te nergi e tuarangitia ana trūnga ngā ara e tohua ana, ā, me whakauru anō i ngā matēria e kino ana ki te ahi. Ko ngā pūnaha herehere mīhini me te hiko noa iho he tikanga nui anō. Ko ēnei taputapu hei whakauru kia arataki ngā kaimahi i ngā tikanga haumātaotao tika, takirua waewae. Hei tauira, ka herea te kaiwhakamahi kia kaua e wātea i ngā wāhanga e ora tonu ana, mā muri i te wātea me te whenua i ngā taputapu katoa. Ka iti ake ngā hinga e hāngai ana ki te hapa tangata. Kua whakaatu ngā raraunga mai i ngā kamupene hororongo he iti ake te take hinga pērā i te 70% ina kua whakaurua ēnei tiaki. Ka whakamātau ā-wheako māmā pea mō te ākaunite e 25 kiloampere pea o te irairahiko mō te tini tetahi hēkona i ngā hapa whakamātau. Ka tiakina tēnei kia ū tonu ngā arataki tiaki ki ngā take e hāngai nei i ngā hapa pūmanawa o te ao pono.

Ngā Kōwhiringa Motuhake i te SF6 me ngā Trend Whakapaipai Ahumāra Hau

Kei te pāngia haere ngā here rāwekenga me ngā whakaururanga ESG i te tere o te whakamutunga o SF6—te kikokiko paruparu matua kaha e 23,500 ngā wā ake te noho pakanga ki te hau parurenga i te CO2 (IPCC AR6). Kei te tuku ināianei ngā kaihanga mātataki kōwhiringa horo'ia:

• Te hangarau hau māriri/māmā , e whakamahi ana i te āhua ōrite o te takotoranga me te whakahaere pēhi, e hoatu ana i te mahi dielectric 36 kV katoa kāore he kikokiko hangarau.
• Ngā paraire fluoroketone (C5-FK) , e waru ana, me te ora atamira iti ake i te 15 rā, e whakaiti ana i te pānga ki te ao mātātoko 99% i te taurite ki te SF6, ā, e pupuri ana i te uara whakatā.
• Te ahumāra huinga katoa , pērā i ngā aratuku epoxy-resin e uru mai ana ki ngā hoahoa hau-ahumāra, e āwhina ana i te whakaiti i te wāhi tae atu ki te 40%—e whakawhitinga ana i ngā pūnaha hau kia onetika ki te GIS i ngā wāhi iti atu

Mā te whanaketanga o te tauira āpure motuhake, ka taea e tātou inaianei te whakahaere i ngā mara hiko me te pono tino mōrearea ki ngā pūnaha anamua hau, e eke ana ki ngā voltae e 36 kV ana i te wā i hiahiatia ai te anamua kikokiko, nō reira i te kikokiko. Ka whakaae te hangarau hou ki ngā paerewa katoa e whakarārearangia ana e IEC 62271-200 mō te kaha o te wehe me te whakamātau aroaro. Ko te mea e pīrangi ana ko te ata mōrearea o ēnei pūnaha, e iti ake rānei i te 30 decibels te nuinga o te wā, nō reira ka takoto pea tonu i te wera. Anō hoki, ka whakakore tōnu i aua whakaputanga kino e pā ana ki ngā taputapu tawhito. E whakaatu nei ko ngā kamupene kāore he kōwhiringa mō ratou i waenganui i te kaitiaki taiao me te mahi rerekē.

Ngā Pātai Tāpiri

He aha ngā momo matua o te taputapu huri kōweka?

Ko ngā momo matua ko ngā pūnaha anamua hau (AIS), ngā pūnaha anamua kikokiko (GIS), me ngā pūnaha parakirihana e hono ana i ētahi wāhanga o ērua.

Kei hea te taputapu huri anamua kikokiko e whakamahia ana?

Ko te tap switchgear e whakamahia ana i ngā hauiringa hiko o te tāone, e āwhina ana i ngā whakaritenga takotoranga pērā i ngā pokapū hauora me ngā wāhi haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai haramai h......

He aha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whiringa i te tap switchgear?

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko te akau volta, te mōhio haerenga utu, me te mātai taiao, tahi ana me ngā whakaaro motuhake o te wāhi pērā i te wāhi me ngā tikanga āhuarangi.

Kei hea ngā kōwhiringa ki te SF6 hau ki te tap switchgear?

Āe, kei te kōwhiringa pērā i te hanga tai/wakanga, ngā karutahi fluoroketone, me te toto composite taupiri e tuku ana i ngā kōwhiringa e noho pai nei ki te taiao kaua ko te performance.